海南省防震减灾中心大楼的地震应急指挥技术系统移植与集成     

陈星宇  卢启明 《华南地震》2011,31(2):117-122

阐述了海南省防震减灾中心大楼的地震应急指挥技术系统移植重建构成和主要功能,实现了系统集成化管理功能,在实际应用和演练中收到较好效果.  相似文献   

Participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic hazard management on Ambae Island,Vanuatu   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

Shane?J.?CroninEmail author  David?R.?Gaylord  Douglas?Charley  Brent?V.?Alloway  Sandrine?Wallez  Job?W.?Esau 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(7):652-668

Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatus active volcanoes. It is also one of the nations potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m³ of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the active vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external scientists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, outside scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and hazard perceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based management structures, we derived volcanic hazard management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier top-down plans imposed by outside governmental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA approaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy conflicts, all of which can hinder community emergency management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communication and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.  相似文献   

Ground-based SAR interferometry for monitoring mass movements   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

G.?Antonello  N.?CasagliEmail author  P.?Farina  D.?Leva  G.?Nico  A.?J.?Sieber  D.?Tarchi 《Landslides》2004,1(1):21-28

An innovative technique for the remote assessment of ground displacements, based on radar interferometry and implemented using ground-based instrumentation (GB-InSAR), has been tested in recent years on a number of selected case sites. The system, known as LISA, developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, is a ground-based radar interferometer specifically designed for field use. It is composed of two radar antennas mounted on a linear rail which horizontally slides to form a synthetic aperture. Coherent SAR processing converts the raw data into an image containing, for each pixel, information on the wave phase, which depends on the target-sensor distance. Consecutive couples of SAR images can be cross-correlated to form interferograms representing phase variations which can be directly related to ground displacement along the sight-line of the radar system, since they are acquired from exactly the same position. Several applications of the system have been conducted on a number of mass movements located in Italy, in order to validate the technique for the monitoring of landslides. GB-InSAR has proved its potential for the measurement of the superficial ground displacements of different landslide types, in terms of failure mechanism, materials involved, kinematics, water content and deformation rates. In particular conditions, such as fast-moving phenomena and inaccessible areas, the technique can be employed directly as a monitoring tool, providing multi-temporal displacement maps of the observed area. Additionally, some applications of the GB-InSAR have provided a fundamental support to decision makers during landslide emergencies, allowing the civil protection authorities to assess the risk and to manage an effective emergency response.  相似文献   

地震应急指挥辅助决策系统   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林惠盛 《福建地震》2000,(Z2)

本系统将地震应急辅助自动化和人工应急数据处理有机结合于一体 ,能在地震震中定位后几十秒内自动生成震中位置图、裂度线分布图 ,完成震害快速分级评估 ,及应急具体详细方案选择 ,并能随应急工作进展快速调整应急方案、重新评估地震灾害。  相似文献   

上海市地下水应急水源地规划战略研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张月萍  刘金宝  俞俊英 《地下水》2011,(4):28-29,40

在综合调查分析城市经济发展、城市供水现状及存在的供水隐患等基础上,结合地理位置、城市规划功能区和发展方向,圈定了大型、中型地下水应急水源地数量及布局,结合地下水环境容量评价成果制订了应急开采方案,并对各水源地应急开采方案条件下可能引发的环境地质问题进行了预测评估,为城市应急水源地建设提供了决策依据。  相似文献   

Leveraging farmers’ strategies for coping with stress: Seed aid in Ethiopia     

Shawn J. McGuire  Louise Sperling 《Global Environmental Change》2008,18(4):679

Interventions to reduce farmers’ vulnerability to crises rarely build on existing coping strategies. Emergency seed aid offers a unique opportunity to examine links between different types of interventions and local coping mechanisms, as such relief has been abundant and long-term. This study focuses on farmers’ use and assessment of crisis assistance within Ethiopia, where seed aid delivery dates back at least 34 years. Farmers’ abilities to strategize and negotiate inter-/intra-seasonal variability are not being addressed by current supply-driven approaches. Lessons derived from seed aid give insights toward more effective practice for programs aiming to bolster farmers’ resilience in high-stress and uncertain contexts.  相似文献   

省域地震应急联动协同的工作平台研究     

蒋小杰  方盛举 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(3):303-312

联动应急的工作平台建设是应急处置的一项基础性工作,包括联动应急的指挥平台和信息平台。指挥平台应坚持以应急管理流程为主线来设计,其主要内容包括各类支援平台、相关的数据库、管理指挥中心、各种保障体系等,其实现方式和途径可以设计为多维交互网络模型。联动应急信息平台的建设可从信息接入系统、信息服务系统以及信息交换平台、视讯展示平台等方面进行。  相似文献   

西藏高海拔地区地震现场应急探讨     

郭春明 《高原地震》2014,(1):46-48

介绍了高海拔对人体的主要影响,强调在高海拔地区开展地震应急工作应注意的事项以及应急装备的要求,对进入藏区顺利开展地震应急工作面临的问题和困难提出了相应的对策。  相似文献   

Emergency water supply capacity analysis of major cities in Hebei     

CUI Qiu-ping  LIU Zhi-gang  LIU Li-jun  ZHANG Shao-cai  CHEN Yun-qian 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(4):76-86

In order to prevent the catastrophic events such as extreme drought, continuous drought and source-water quality pollution, 15 groundwater emergency water sources are to be selected in 11 important cities in Hebei, and the evaluation of allowable emergency exploitation quantity is 180.19×104 m3/d. Under the current conditions, the water supply quantity of emergency water sources and the total emergency water supply quantity will meet the emergency water demand with the guarantee rate of 65.79% to 377.78% and 90.35% to 270.51% respectively. By 2020, the water supply quantity of emergency water source places and the total emergency water supply quantity will meet the emergency water demand with the guarantee rate of 22.08% to 74.49% and 82.65% to 144.08% in the benefited areas of South-to-North water diversion (SNWDP); and for non-SNWDP areas, the guarantee rate will be 74.64% to 337.78% and 74.64% to 377.78%.  相似文献   

应急通信技术在人工地震爆破现场的应用     

吴楠楠  王启东  洪惠群  肖健  王旭 《华南地震》2014,(2):87-90

对"福建省地震构造人工地震爆破观测"项目中跨越海峡人工爆破科学实验的现场夜间实时通信任务面临的困难进行了研究,针对这些困难提出了人工地震爆破现场应急通信解决方案,并通过实际运用检验了方案的可行性,为地震现场全天候的灾情收集能力做出了尝试。  相似文献